Certified Environmental Social and Governance Analyst (CESGA) EFFAS Practice Test

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According to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Framework, what is the last phase in the value creation process?

  1. Outputs.

  2. Outcomes.

  3. Input.

  4. Business activities.

The correct answer is: Outcomes.

The last phase in the value creation process according to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Framework is outcomes. Outcomes refer to the significant effects or changes that result from the outputs, which can include both positive and negative impacts on various stakeholders. This phase is crucial as it emphasizes the long-term benefits and sustainability of value creation, assessing how the inputs and activities translate into tangible results and benefits for the organization and its stakeholders. In the context of the IIRC framework, the distinction is clear: outputs focus on the immediate products or services delivered, while outcomes reflect the broader implications of those outputs on the organization, the environment, and society as a whole. Outcomes therefore encapsulate the real value generated, making them central to understanding the overall effectiveness of the value creation process.